Skip to main content

History and origin of Language Urdu

Urdu is probably the most poetic of all languages. The Urdu language is spoken by more than 28 million heads in India. It is written in the Perso-Arabic script. The word Urdu (court or camp) stems from the Persianized Turkish word (Ordu) which meant ‘the camp of a Turkish army’. North Indian Muslims with their own dialects moved to South and Central India and settled among the Marathas, Kannadigas and Telugus. These dialects formed the basis of a literary speech is known as Dakhni or the ‘Southern Speech’ and was spoken in the Deccan. Later, north Indian

Muslims, who came with Aurangzeb for his conquests down south and some Dakhni writers, saw the possibility of evolving a new language. This language would be based on the literary traditions of Dakhni and have the Persian script along with generous usage of Perso-Arabic words, idioms and theme ideas. Shamsuddin Waliullah a famous poet of the Dakhni actually started the North Indian Urdu. Other poets also joined in this new literary upsurge and came to Delhi subsequently. Delhi style of Urdu thus took birth. Court circles, Persian and Arabic scholars and especially the Muslims of Delhi adopted this language with great eagerness and by the end of the 18th century, the Mughal house turned only to Urdu. For the first 60 years or so the influence of Dakhni poets, Sufi thinking and Indianness of diction prevailed over Urdu. The term Four Pillars of

Urdu is attributed to the four early poets:

Mirza Jan-i-Janan Mazhar (1699-1781) of Delhi, Mir Taqi (1720-1808) of Agra, Muhammad Rafi Sauda (1713-1780) and Mir Dard (1719-1785). During this time Lucknow became a rival centre for the patronage of Urdu literature and masters of Urdu poetry received patronage from the court of the Nawab. The most illustrious poets of the pre-modern period were Muhammad Ibrahim Zauq (1789-1854) of Delhi and Nazmuddaulah Dabiru-i-Mulk. However, Urdu literature can never be complete without the mention of Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib (1797-1869). A Sufi mystic, Ghalib wrote both in Urdu and Persian and through his letters he brought in literary history and criticism. The humane feelings, Sufi sentiments, simplicity of his lines and the depth of his observations made Ghalib the greatest Urdu and Persian poet.

Modern Urdu literature covers the time from the last quarter of the 19th century till the present day and can be divided into two periods: the period of the Aligarh Movement started by Sir Sayyid Ahmad and the period influenced by Sir Muhammad Iqbal. However, Altaf Husain Panipati (1837-1914), known as Hali or ‘the Modern One’, is the actual innovator of the modern spirit in Urdu poetry. Hindu writers of Urdu were not far behind and among the earliest writers were Pandit Ratan Nath Sarshar (author of Fisana-e-Azad) and Brij Narain Chakbast (1882-1926). One of the most famous poets of modern Urdu is Sayyid Akbar Husain Razvi Ilahabadi (1846-1921) who had a flair for the extempore composition of satiric and comic verses. After 1936, Urdu picked up a progressive attitude and leaned more towards the problems of life. Poetry, novels, short stories and essays were the avenues of the liberal expression. The main exponents of this new line of approach were the short story writers Muhammad Husain Askari, Miranji, Faiz Ahmad ‘Faiz’, Sardar Ali Jafari and Khwajah Ahmad Abbas. Munshi Premchand, the greatest novelist of Hindi, began writing in Urdu and later switched to Hindi.

In spite of Urdu being considered a little tilted towards Islamic lines, there were some great Hindu writers who made Urdu their very own, like Krishan Chandar, Rajindar Singh Bedi and Kanhaiyalal Kapur. Unfortunately, the lyrical language of Urdu no longer enjoys the same position that it used to. However, Urdu is still encouraged in Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and Hyderabad. Present-day Hindi borrows a lot from Urdu – for grammar, diction and idiom.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Know about Swami Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati

Read about Swami Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati Ji's updated story here and the controversy around Shri Ram Janmabhoomi 's inauguration or Pran Pratishthaan:  Swami Avimukteshwaranand Saraswati: A Hindu Leader Fighting Against Religious Conversion Swamiji was born in Brahmanpur in Pratapgadh district of Uttar Pradesh. For the last few years, he has been living with Swami Swarupanand Saraswatiji Maharaj who is Shankaracharya of Jyotish pith in math. He is performing his duties towards math along with doing his study. Swamiji started doing Sadhana when he was 5 years of age. He has acquired knowledge of many Holy books and is the editor of one monthly magazine named Shri Mata. The goal of his life is nothing but to obey the orders of the holy Guru. He is constantly working towards making the river Ganga free from pollution and stopping the conversion of religion with the help of inspiration from the holy Maharaj. To date, he has liberated lakhs of people by helping them to enter...

Know about multifaceted Odia Playback Singer Sandeep Panda

Sandeep Panda  (born: 23rd July 1995) is a singer, music composer, lyricist & producer, Sandeep mostly works for Odia film Industry. Sandeep Panda is one of the emerging new talents from odisha. Sandeep debuted with his own composed video song "Love - A mistake" which was released on OdiaOne channel, his cover of "Kalank" song has more than a million views. Sandeep Panda Early Life Born in a modest family to father Manoj Panda and mother Padmabati Mishra in Dhenkanal, started learning Hindustani classical at the age of 8 from guru Ganesh Mishra but later moved to Bhubaneswar. Though having classical background Sandeep likes making soft romantic and rock music. Sandeep gives a lot of credit to his father because he was the one who wanted him to be a singer. He started doing shows from the early age of 10 and soon he had numerous awards in his craft. After completion of B.Tech from GIFT Engineering College, Bhubaneswar he moved to Pune. During his ...

How to Use ChatGPT’s New Canvas Feature for Coding Projects

In its latest update, ChatGPT has introduced a game-changing feature for developers: Canvas . This new interactive workspace is designed to streamline coding and writing tasks by providing an enhanced interface that promotes collaboration, precise feedback, and version control. In this article, we’ll delve into how Canvas works, focusing on coding projects, and provide a step-by-step guide to maximising productivity. What is Canvas? Canvas is a visual space within ChatGPT that enables you to collaborate more effectively on coding projects with AI. Unlike the traditional text-based chat interface, Canvas offers a more interactive and structured environment. It allows developers to interact with code directly, highlighting, editing, and tracking changes in a way that fosters a real-time collaborative experience. Whether you're debugging, refining algorithms, or porting code to a new language, Canvas provides tools that help make your coding process smoother. Key Features of Canvas fo...

How to Create a Music Video Using AI Tools: A Step-by-Step Guide

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing content creation, enabling individuals to produce complex media like music videos without needing advanced technical skills. With the help of various generative AI tools, you can easily create a fully produced music video in a matter of hours. In this guide, we’ll explore how to harness these AI tools to create your own music video. Let’s dive into the process, starting with a fun hack that stitches together several generative AI tools to turn your creative vision into a reality. Table of Contents Overview of AI Tools for Music Video Creation Step-by-Step Process to Create a Music Video Gathering Inspiration and Initial Text Generating Scene Descriptions Creating Visuals with an Image Generator Turning Images into Short Videos Writing Lyrics with AI Generating Music with AI Stitching It All Together Benefits of Using AI for Music Video Creation Final Thoughts 1. Overview of AI Tools for Music Video Creation Several AI-powered tools can be comb...

Know about Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhi Jayanti and International Day of Non-Violence

'Gandhi Jayanti' is celebrated every year to mark the birth anniversary of Gandhiji ( Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ), popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, 'Bapu' or the 'Father of the Nation' in India. Gandhiji is a symbol of peace, non-violence and humanity. He was the protagonist of Peace. If you land on this page to know all the recent updates happening in the name of Mahatma Gandhi, this is certainly the best place, as we keep tracking each and every detail of any happenings around the world on Mahatma Gandhi. But if by any chance you land up here for some Mahatma Gandhi Quotes , you can check this link . Mohand Das Karamchand Gandhi Timeline of Mahatma Gandhi (Memories & special mentions of Mahatma Gandhi)↓↓↓ 23rd August 1947 -  " МАНАТМА GANDHI - The 20th Century Prophet " is the first documentary on Gandhiji made during his lifetime by A.K.Chettiar (1911-1983), a travelogue-writer, journalist and documentary filmmaker f...

Meta Movie Gen: Revolutionizing Multimedia Creation with the Most Advanced AI Media Model

Meta has unveiled "Movie Gen," the latest and most advanced media foundation model developed by Meta’s AI research teams. It represents a significant breakthrough in multimedia content creation, enabling casual creators and professionals alike to generate and edit high-quality videos, audio, and personalized media with ease. Meta Movie Gen is touted as a foundation for ushering in the next wave of media content innovation, addressing everything from video and audio generation to personalized storytelling and fine-tuned video editing. Overview of Movie Gen Meta's Movie Gen includes a suite of models aimed at tackling the most difficult challenges in media generation and editing. Central to this release are two key models: Movie Gen Video and Movie Gen Audio , both of which leverage large-scale transformer architectures to produce high-quality content from simple prompts. The models are particularly notable for their ability to scale, producing high-definition video and im...

Unlocking the Power of AI: A Comprehensive Guide to Creating and Curating Podcasts with AI Tools

In the digital age, content creation has undergone a revolutionary transformation, thanks to the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI). One of the most dynamic areas benefiting from this shift is podcasting. Imagine curating an entire podcast series in just a few hours, sounds incredible, right? With readily available AI tools like ChatGPT, Claude, Google Gemini, NotebookLM, and Ideogram, this is possible and accessible to anyone with a passion for storytelling and sharing knowledge. In this article, we'll walk you through the step-by-step process of creating a podcast series using these AI tools, exemplified by the creation of "Histories of Mysteries," a 10-episode series uploaded on platforms like Spotify, SoundCloud, and YouTube. Table of Contents Introduction to AI-powered podcasting Step 1: Ideation and Topic Selection Step 2: Research and Content Development Step 3: Script Writing and Episode Descriptions Step 4: Digital Art Creation Step 5: Audio Production Step 6...