History

Year-wise history of Indian Events | Timeline of Indian History

3102 BC

• Kali Era had begun

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2300 - 1750 BC

• Harappan Civilization found to have existed during this time.

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261 BC

• Kalinga war happened

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12 CE

• City of Ajmer was established as "Ajayameru" by a Shakambhari Chahamana (Chauhan) ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as the Chahamana capital until 12th Century CE.

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629 CE

• Cheraman Juma believed to be the very first Islamic mosque in India was built

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78 AD

• Saka Era had begun

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320 AD

• Gupta Era had begun

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1026

• Mahmud of Ghaznavi did the infamous plunder of Somnath Temple

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1290

• Jalal-ud-din Khalji established the successor to the slave dynasty - The Khalji dynasty

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1303

• Alauddin Khalji attacked and conquered Chittor by defeating Rana Ratan Singh

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1414

• Sayyid dynasty replaced Tughlaq dynasty after the death of Sultan Tughlaq

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1451

• Alam Shah of Sayyid dynasty surrendered Delhi to Bahlul Lodi, leading to the beginning of Lodi dynasty

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1459

• Rao Jodha, the chief of the Rathore clan founded Jodhpur in 1459, Jodhpur was previously known as Marwar.

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1498

• Vasco Da Gama and his crew arrived near modern Calicut(Kozhikode), and connected the western world to that of India.

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1504

• Sultan Sikander of Lodi dynasty founded the Agra city and made this the new capital of the kingdom

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1526

• Mughal Army of Babur fought with a huge army of 40,000 soldiers and 1000 elephants of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi on 21st April.  Mughals defeated Lodi dynasty to takeover Delhi sultanate 

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1528-29

• 1528–29 (935 AH) - Babri Masjid was built by Mir Baqi, on orders of the Mughal emperor Babur (after whom it is named). 

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1542

• Mughal Emperor Akbar was born in Amarkot 14 October 1542 when his father Humayun fled from the military defeat at the hands of Sher Shah Suri.

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1556

• Mughal Emperor Humayun died accidentally at the age of 47, on 27th January 1556, after falling from the staircase.

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1558

• Akbar captured Chittor by defeating the Rana of Mewar, Rana Udai Singh
• Udaipur was founded by Maharana Udai Singh II of the Sisodia clan of Rajput, when he shifted his capital from the city of Chittorgarh to Udaipur after Chittorgarh was besieged by Akbar.

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1586

• Srinagar was captured by the general Raja Bhagavan Das

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1592

• Birth of Shah Jahan (January)

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1600

• On December 31st Queen Elizabeth I granted the royal charter to the newly founded East India Company (EIC), giving it the funds and internal structure she personally believed would benefit her kingdom the most. 

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1603

• King James I (successor to Queen Elizabeth I) made an agreement with the Mughal Emperor Jehangir to obtain some of its lands in exchange for access to valuable trade items from Europe. 

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1612

• Shah Jahan married to her lady love Mumtaj Mahal

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1614

• Birth of first child of Shah Jahan & Mumtaj Mahal, Jahanara Begum on 23rd of March

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1615

• Birth of second child of Shah Jahan & Mumtaj Mahal, Dara Shikoh

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1626

• Birth of Tanaji Malusare, he was a military assistant of Maratha King Chhatrapati Shivaji. A local poet Tulsidas, wrote a powada describing Tanaji's heroics and sacrifice of life in the Battle of Sinhagad, which has since made him a popular figure in Marathi folklore. According to David Hardiman, he came from a Hindu Koli family.

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1628

• Shah Jahan became the emperor of Mughal dynasty after killing all-male rivals of his father's (Jehangir) throne at the age of 36.

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1631

• Mumtaj Mahal died at the age of 38

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1645-46

• Shivaji captured Torna Fort, which later became the foundation of the Maratha Empire.

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1653

• Construction of Taj Mahal completed after around 22 years and labouring around 20,000 artisans.

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1666

• Shah Jahan died at the age of 74

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1674

• Shivaji was successful in his revolt against the sultan of Bijapur. He Carved out a kingdom with Raigad as his capital and was crowned king of Satara. 

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1680

• Shivaji died but he had around 100,000 soldiers and nearly 300 hilltop forts protecting the nation he had founded.

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1686

• The Bijapur Sultanate was finally defeated and annexed by Mughal Empire

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1698

• The EIC bribed Mughal officials for Zamindari rights over three villages in Bengal, they were granted the Farman (the royal charter) from Mughal Emperor. Those villages were called Sutanuti, Gobindapur and Kalikata. 

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1707

• Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb died at the age of 88 on 3rd March 1707 and with his death Mughal Empire lost a great deal of its influence and power over the nation.

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1720-40.

• Peshwa Baji Rao I served during this time, his administration helped to sack the Mughal city of Delhi. Maratha empire's borders stretched entirely from west to east across the length of India. 
• 1727 - Jaipur the capital of Rajasthan state in India was founded in 1727 by Maharaj Jai Singh II, who ruled Jaipur State from 1699–1744. Jaipur is the first planned city of India.
• 1739 - Emperor Nader Shah, the Shah of Persia (1736–47) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Persia, invaded the Mughal Empire, eventually attacking Delhi on March 1739. His army had easily defeated the Mughals at the battle at Karnal and would eventually capture the Mughal capital in the aftermath of the battle.

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1757

• Battle of Plassey ensured the establishment of British political rule in India.

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1758

• British East India Company rule was established throughout a massive chunk of eastern India. It was also called Company Raj.

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1761

• Third Battle of Panipat

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1764

• Battle of Buxar

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1765

• Clive was appointed Company's Governor in India

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1767-69

• First Anglo-Mysore War

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1780

• Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh

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1780-84

• Second Anglo-Mysore War

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1784

• Pitt’s India Act

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1790-92

• Third Anglo-Mysore War

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1793

• The Permanent Settlement of Bengal

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1799

• Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and Death of Tipu Sultan on 4th May 1799.

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1802

• Treaty of Bassein

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1809

• Treaty of Amritsar

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1817

• Hindu College started at Calcutta

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1829

• The practise of "Sati Pratha" (self-immolation of wife on the pyre of husband) abolished

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1830

• Raja Rammohan Roy visits England

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1833

• Raja Rammohan Roy Died at Bristol, England

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1838

• 'Times of India' formerly known as 'Bombay Times' first published on 3rd November 1838.

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1839

• Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh

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1839-42

• First Anglo-Afghan War

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1845-46

• First Anglo-Sikh War

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1852

• Second Anglo-Burmese War

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1853

• First Railway line opened between Bombay and Thane and a Telegraph line in Calcutta

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1857

• First War of Independence took place in India in May 1857, when Indian members of the Company Army mutinied in several cities of India. 
• Mughal Empire came to an end with the death of the last emperor, Bahadur Shah II.
• When the Indian rebellion revolted against British company rule, Queen Victoria cancelled the charter.

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1858

• In Parliament, the Government of India Act of 1858 was passed, which stipulated that EIC be liquidated and all its assets and lands handed over to the British Crown.
• Queen Victoria proclaimed that Company rule was over, she promised to provide her Indian subjects with similar rights as British subjects on 1st November 1958

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1860

• An estimated 2 million people starved to death due to famine in the Doab region. On March 30, the New York Times reported "From 400 to 500 deaths a day seems a too moderate computation"

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1861

• Birth of Rabindranath Tagore

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1869

• Birth of Mahatma Gandhi on October 2nd in a family with sub-caste of Baniya.

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1873

• 13 Year old Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi married to 14-year-old Kasturbai Makhanji Kapadia.

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1874-75

• Deccan riots in Maharashtra against moneylenders
• Madame HP Blavatsky laid the foundation of the Theosophical Society

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1885

• Foundation of Indian National Congress, AO Hume being the General Secretary of INC.

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1889

• Birth of Jawaharlal Nehru

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1897

• Birth of Subhash Chandra Bose

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1898

• Headquarters of Ramkrishna Math and Mission established by Vivekananda

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1903

• Tibet Expedition (Young Husband delegation)

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1905

• Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon, partitioning into two provinces Bengal & East Bengal and Assam
• The servants of India society was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
• Indian Home rule society founded.

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1906

• Foundation of Muslim League laid down by Salimullah at Dhaka
• INC or Indian National Congress for the first time passed the resolution on Swaraj, Boycott and National Education at its annual session held at Calcutta 1906.

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1907

• Madam Bhikaji Cama Unfolded the National flag of India at International Socialist Congress Stuttgart, Germany on 22nd August 1907.

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1908

• Khudiram Bose sentenced to death on April 30, 1908
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was sentenced to six years of imprisonment on 3rd July 1908, for seditious writing in his paper Kesari. 

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1911

• Delhi Darbar, King and Queen visited India and Delhi becomes the capital of India
• Partition of Bengal scrapped.

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1913

• Ghadar Party was founded at San Fransisco by Lala Har Dayal

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1914

• World War I began

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1916

• Lucknow Pact signed between Congress and Muslim League

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1917

• Mrs Annie Besant became the first woman president of INC

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1918

• World War I ended

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1919

• Montague-Chelmsford Reforms introduced.
• 13th April Jallianwala Bagh massacre, ordered by acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer at Amritsar.
• Hindu activists began talks with the country's Muslim leaders asking them that they band with Hindus and other groups in pushing for relief from British Colonial rule.
• British Government passed the Rowlatt Act, by which any suspected terrorist in British India could be imprisoned for up to 2 years without a trial.
• Gandhi called for an All India Harta (Strike) to protest against Rowlatt Act on 6th April 1919

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1920

• Non-cooperation movement launched under the inspiration of Mahatma Gandhi

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1922

• Mahatma Gandhi was arrested on 10th March for sedition. Sentenced to 6 years in prison, he only served 2 before being released for medical reasons (Appendicitis Operation).

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1924

• The Hindustan Republican Association later renamed to Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was founded by Sachindra Sanyal

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1927

• Boycott of Simon Commission
• Ram Prasad Bismil was hanged on 19 December 1927 at Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan at the Faizabad Jail and Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Jail. Lahiri had been hanged two days earlier at Gonda Jail.

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1928

• Death of Lala Lajpat Rai on 17th November 1928

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1929

• Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw two bombs on the door of the Central Assembly in New Delhi on April 18, 1929.
• Resolution of 'Poorna Swaraj' (complete independence) was passed at Lahore Session of Indian National Congress.

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1930

• First Independence Day unofficially celebrated before Independence on 26th January 1930
• Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi (March 12, 1930 - April 6, 1930), Civil disobedience movement launched

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1931

• Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed between Gandhi and Viceroy of India Lord Irwin on 15th March 1931, after Gandhi released from Jail. Gandhi was given a place at the London Conference concerning Indian administration.

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1932

• On September 20, 1932, Mahatma Gandhi began a fast unto death in Yervada Jail against British repression of Satyagrahis, Violation of the Gandhi-Irwin pact and Communal Award of Ramsay McDonald.

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1934

• Mahatma Gandhi withdrew from active politics and resigned his membership of the congress.

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1935

• Government of India Act passed

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1937

• Provincial Autonomy, 'Congress forms ministries'

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1939

• World War II begins (September 3)

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1941

• Escape of Subhash Chandra Bose from India, Death of Rabindranath Tagore

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1942

• The working committee of the Congress passed the Quit India resolution on July 14, 1942
• Cripps Mission arrived in India, Quit India movement launched on August 8, 1942

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1943-44

• Bengal famine
• Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose proclaimed the formation of the provisional Government of Independent India (Azad Hind I in 1943)
• Kasturba Gandhi died in detention (in 1944) at Aga Khan Palace.

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1945

• Trial of Indian National Army at Red Fort; Shimla Conference; World War II ended
• Wavell plan was announced

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1946

• British Cabinet Mission visited India, the first Interim government formed at the Centre.
• The first Naval Mutiny against the British took place

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1947

• Indian Independence Act was passed on July 1947
• Division of India into India & Pakistan to become separate independent dominions

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1949

• On the wee hours of 22nd-23rd December idol of Ram Lalla was placed inside the Babri Mosque (Babri Masjid)

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1962

• China Invaded Indian frontiers in the year 1962

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1992

• On 6 December 1992, a large group of Hindu activists of the Vishva Hindu Parishad, Kar Sevaks and allied organisations demolished the 16th-century Babri Mosque in the city of Ayodhya, in Uttar Pradesh.
• Project Elephant was launched in 1992 by the Government of India Ministry of Environment and Forests to provide financial and technical support to wildlife management efforts by states for their free-ranging populations of wild Asian Elephants. The Project is being mainly implemented in 16 States/UTs, viz. Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.

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